Publication Ethnic Disparities in Recall on Licence
Published July 2026
Investigating whether ethnic disparities persist post-sentencing, by examining whether ethnic minority individuals released on licence are more likely to be recalled compared to their white British counterparts.
Journal Article Cumulative Disadvantage Ethnic Inequalities in Criminal Court Proceedings in England and Wales
Published February 2026
Previous studies have predominantly focused on sentencing, while earlier decision points remain underexamined or are studied in isolation to sentencing decisions. Using linked Ministry of Justice Data First datasets from criminal courts in England and Wales, this study assesses ethnic disparities at multiple decision points from pre-sentencing to sentencing.
Publication Ethnicity, gender, remand, plea and sentencing
Published November 2025
Examining whether ethnic disparities persist across successive stages of the criminal justice system remand, plea and imprisonment.
Briefing: Workshop Reflections on Ethnic Disparities and Cumulative Disadvantage in the Criminal Justice System
Published: March 2026
Summarising discussions from workshops with practitioners working in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) reflecting on evidence from the project Cumulative Disadvantage in the Criminal Justice System.
Blog: Cumulative Disadvantage in the Criminal Justice System
Published: 12 March 2025
Exploring how cumulative disadvantage affects ethnic minorities throughout their interactions with the criminal justice system, from initial contact through to sentencing outcomes.
Journal article "Ethnic Inequalities in Sentencing: Evidence from the Crown Court in England and Wales" published in the British Journal of Criminology
Published: 22 February 2024
This article examines ethnic inequalities in sentencing outcomes at the Crown Court in England and Wales, providing robust evidence on disparities across different ethnic groups.
Article "Using administrative data to investigate ethnic inequalities in the criminal justice system" published in Research Matters Magazine
Published: March 2023
This article discusses the use of administrative data sources to investigate ethnic inequalities throughout the criminal justice system in England and Wales.
Ethnic Inequalities in the Criminal Justice System -A policy briefing by EQUAL
Ethnic Inequalities in the Criminal Justice System -A policy briefing by EQUAL
Published: January 2023
Six years on from the landmark Lammy Review (2017) into the treatment of, and outcomes for, Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) individuals in the Criminal Justice System (CJS) [1], new research reveals compelling evidence that race and ethnicity still play a significant role in remand and sentencing decisions.
Data comic explores findings of research on ethnic inequalities in the criminal justice system by Dr Kitty Lymperopoulou
Published: 2022
This innovative data comic presents research findings on ethnic inequalities in the criminal justice system in an accessible and engaging visual format.
Lymperopoulou, K. (2022) Data Insight:
Ethnic Inequalities in Sentencing in the Crown Court - Evidence from the MoJ Data First Criminal Justice Datasets, Swindon: ADR UK
Published: September 2022
This Data Insight draws on Data First magistrates’ and Crown Court datasets to examine ethnic disproportionality in court outcomes and the extent of ethnic disparities in imprisonment for defendants sentenced in the Crown Court after adjusting for defendant and case characteristics.
Lymperopoulou, K. (2022) Data Explained:
Ethnic Inequalities in the Criminal Justice System, Swindon: ADR UK
Published: August 2022
This Data Explained summarises experiences and learning from working with the magistrates’ and Crown Court datasets in the course of producing research into ethnic disparities in the criminal justice system.
Ethnic Inequalities in the Criminal Justice System
Blog: 3 August 2021
ADR UK Research Fellow Kitty Lymperopoulou discusses how her work will draw on the Data First magistrates’ and Crown Court datasets to generate new evidence on the extent and drivers of ethnic inequalities in the Criminal Justice System in England and Wales.
